Introduction
Science and the Qur’an are two sources of knowledge that are closely related in understanding natural phenomena. Science develops through research and experiments that continue to evolve, while the Qur’an is a revelation that remains constant and serves as a guide for human life. Studying the sun from these two perspectives provides a broader understanding of one of Allah’s creations that plays a vital role in life on Earth.
The sun, as the center of the solar system, is not only understood scientifically as a source of energy, but in the Qur’an it is also described as a sign of Allah’s greatness. Therefore, the integration of science and the Qur’an can enrich human understanding of the universe.

Definition of the Sun
From a scientific perspective, the sun is a star in the form of a massive ball of hot gas that emits energy through nuclear fusion reactions in its core. It is the main source of light and energy for Earth, making life possible.
In the Qur’an, the sun is referred to with terms such as siraj (lamp) and dhiya’ (bright light), indicating that it produces its own light. This aligns with scientific explanations that the sun generates energy through nuclear fusion.

The Concept of the Sun in Science
Scientifically, the sun has several main functions:

• As the center of the solar system
  The sun is the center around which planets, including Earth, revolve due to its gravitational force.
• As a source of light and energy
  The sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion, producing light and heat essential for living beings.
• As a time indicator
  The apparent movement of the sun from Earth is used to determine time, such as day and night.

In addition, the sun plays a role in natural processes such as the water cycle, weather, and climate on Earth.

The Sun in the Perspective of the Qur’an
The Qur’an explains the function of the sun not only physically but also spiritually and symbolically, including:

• As a sign of Allah’s power
  The sun is evidence of Allah’s greatness in creating and controlling the universe.
• As a source of light
  The Qur’an describes the sun as a source that illuminates the Earth.
• As a guide for worship times
  The movement of the sun is used to determine prayer times and other acts of worship.
• As a reference for shadows
  The position of the sun determines the length and direction of shadows, useful in daily life.
• As a tool for time calculation
  The sun helps humans determine days, months, and years.

The Relationship Between Science and the Qur’an About the Sun
Studies show a strong correlation between scientific explanations and the Qur’an regarding the sun. Science explains empirically how the sun works, while the Qur’an provides meaning and purpose behind its existence.
For example, science states that the sun produces its own energy, and the Qur’an describes it as siraj (lamp), meaning a source of light. Additionally, science explains that the sun moves, which is also mentioned in the Qur’an (Surah Yasin: 38).

وَالشَّمْسُ تَجْرِيْ لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَّهَاۗ ذٰلِكَ تَقْدِيْرُ الْعَزِيْزِ الْعَلِيْمِۗ ۝٣٨

The sun travels for its fixed term. That is the design of the Almighty, All-Knowing.

This harmony shows that there is no contradiction between science and the Qur’an; instead, they complement each other in explaining natural phenomena.

Conclusion
The sun has a very important role in life, both from the perspective of science and the Qur’an. In science, it functions as the center of the solar system, a source of energy, and a determinant of time. In the Qur’an, the sun serves not only physical functions but also as a sign of Allah’s greatness and guidance for human life.
The relationship between science and the Qur’an shows a harmonious alignment in understanding the universe. This confirms that knowledge and revelation can go hand in hand to provide a more comprehensive understanding of Allah’s creation.

Source

Afida, Anisa Nur (2018) MATAHARI DALAM PERSPEKTIF SAINS DAN AL-QUR’AN. Undergraduate thesis, UIN Raden Intan Lampung. https://repository.radenintan.ac.id/4411/