Introduction
The Qur’an is a guide for human life that not only discusses spiritual aspects but also contains various indications about natural phenomena. With the development of modern science, especially in astronomy and physics, humans are increasingly able to understand the structure and dynamics of the universe.
Interestingly, several scientific concepts discovered in modern science are related to explanations found in the Qur’an. This shows that revelation and science are not always in conflict, but can complement each other in understanding the reality of the universe.

The Concept of the Universe in Science and the Qur’an
In modern science, the universe is understood as the entirety of space, time, matter, and energy that interact with each other. One of the main theories explaining its origin is the Big Bang Theory, which states that the universe began from a very dense and hot point and then expanded.
In the Qur’an, this concept is in line with the verse stating that the heavens and the earth were once a single entity and then separated:

 

اَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْٓا اَنَّ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالْاَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنٰهُمَاۗ وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاۤءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّۗ اَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُوْنَ ۝٣٠

“Do the disbelievers not realize that the heavens and earth were ˹once˺ one mass then We split them apart? And We created from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?.” (QS. Al-Anbiya: 30)

In addition, the Qur’an also indicates that the universe is continuously expanding, which aligns with modern scientific findings.

The Solar System in the Perspective of Physics
The solar system is a system consisting of the Sun as the center and celestial objects such as planets, satellites, asteroids, and comets that orbit around it. This system is governed by gravitational forces that maintain the orderly motion of celestial bodies.
One important figure in this field is Johannes Kepler, who formulated the laws of planetary motion, including that planetary orbits are elliptical and their speeds vary.
This concept shows that the solar system operates in an orderly, mathematical, and predictable manner.

Orbit and Motion of Celestial Bodies in the Qur’an
The Qur’an explains that celestial bodies such as the Sun and the Moon move in their respective orbits. This is consistent with the concept of orbit in astronomy.
Allah says:

وَهُوَ الَّذِيْ خَلَقَ الَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَۗ كُلٌّ فِيْ فَلَكٍ يَّسْبَحُوْنَ ۝٣٣

“And He is the One Who created the day and the night, the sun and the moon—each travelling in an orbit.” (QS. Al-Anbiya: 33)

This verse shows that each celestial body has a specific path and does not move randomly but follows a determined order.

The Nature of the Universe in the Qur’anic Perspective
In the Qur’anic perspective, the universe is a creation of Allah that has purpose and meaning. It was not created in vain but as a sign of His greatness.
Allah says:

وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَاۤءَ وَالْاَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا بَاطِلًاۗ ذٰلِكَ ظَنُّ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا مِنَ النَّارِۗ ۝٢٧

“We have not created the heavens and earth and everything in between without purpose—as the disbelievers think. So woe to the disbelievers because of the Fire!” (QS. Sad: 27)

The universe is also a proof of the oneness of Allah (tauhid), where all creation follows the laws set by Him.

The Origin of the Universe: Between Revelation and Science
Modern science explains the origin of the universe through the Big Bang Theory, supported by observations of the universe’s expansion, such as those discovered by Edwin Hubble.
In the Qur’an, besides the concept of the separation of the heavens and the earth, there is also an indication of the expansion of the universe:

وَالسَّمَاۤءَ بَنَيْنٰهَا بِاَيْىدٍ وَّاِنَّا لَمُوْسِعُوْنَ ۝٤٧

“We built the universe with (great) might, and We are certainly expanding (it).” (QS. Adz-Dzariyat: 47)

This verse shows harmony between revelation and science in explaining the dynamics of the universe.

Structure and Vastness of the Universe
The universe has a very vast and complex structure, consisting of galaxies, stars, planets, and other cosmic objects. One galaxy where our solar system is located is the Milky Way.
The Qur’an also describes the vastness of the universe and the existence of layered heavens:

الَّذِيْ خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمٰوٰتٍ طِبَاقًاۗ مَا تَرٰى فِيْ خَلْقِ الرَّحْمٰنِ مِنْ تَفٰوُتٍۗ فَارْجِعِ الْبَصَرَۙ هَلْ تَرٰى مِنْ فُطُوْرٍ ۝٣

“(He is the One) Who created seven heavens, one above the other. You will never see any imperfection in the creation of the Most Compassionate.¹ So look again: do you see any flaws?” (QS. Al-Mulk: 3)

In addition, modern geology shows that the Earth has layers, strengthening the understanding of the structured nature of Allah’s creation.

Conclusion
The concept of the universe and the solar system in modern science shows many similarities with explanations found in the Qur’an. From the origin of the universe, the motion of celestial bodies, to the structure of the cosmos, all reflect order and balance.
The Qur’an not only serves as a spiritual guide but also inspires the development of knowledge. The integration of revelation and science strengthens the belief that the universe is a creation of Allah full of wisdom and order.

Source

Mutemainna N, A. R. R., Fitriani, D., Afifah, H., & Sukmawati. (2023). Konsep tata surya terhadap pembuktian mukjizat Al-Qur’an. Jurnal Religion: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, dan Budaya. https://maryamsejahtera.com/index.php/Religion/article/view/94

Jamarudin, A. (2010). Konsep alam semesta menurut Al-Quran. Jurnal Ushuluddin, 16(2). https://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/ushuludin/article/view/670